The roças have been an integral part of São Tomé’s history for over 150 years. Recently, the novel “Equator” by Portuguese author Miguel Sousa Tavares has brought them back into the spotlight, even though many of them are now inactive. In 1819, the Portuguese brought the original cacao plant from Bahia to São Tomé. Cacao adapted so well to these islands that by the end of the 19th century, São Tomé and Príncipe had become the world’s largest producer of cacao. At the height of this period, more than 70 roças were in continuous operation, employing thousands of slave laborers.